Orangutans construct sturdy nests high in the canopy every night. Despite only using each nest once, they take great care in their craftsmanship. They select branches for their strength and flexibility, then weave and lock them together to create a cozy and secure nest. After years of practice, orangutans can build their nests with remarkable speed and precision.
To understand how technically sophisticated the nests are, researchers measured branch thickness and analysed weaving patterns of orangutan nests. To further understand the mechanics involved, the researchers collected branch samples and conducted bending tests, revealing the underlying properties that contribute to the nest’s strength and durability.
Orangutans use thicker, rigid branches for the main structure, ensuring that the centre of the nest is structurally sound. These branches have a unique fracture pattern called a “greenstick fracture”. Following this pattern, orangutans attach thinner branches through a twisting motion, creating a soft lining. They then add leafy branches for a mattress and can even build a roof, pillow, or blanket!
This suggests that orangutans understand the natural properties of wood and use this knowledge to build their nests. They show complex cognitive and technical abilities in construction, skills which are comparable to tool use.
During the nest-building process, orangutans allow light to filter through the canopy to reach the lower levels of the forest, promoting growth and the overall health of the ecosystem. Can orangutans get any more amazing?!
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